کاربست تکنیک تحلیل شبکه‌های اجتماعی (SNA) جهت تعیین پیشران‌های کلیدی نوموفوبیا

شبنم  ملتجی; فاطمه سرداری اصل; دلارام دهناشی; حمیدرضا رضازاده بهادران; مرضیه جعفرنژاد

Authors

Shabnam Moltaji Master's degree, Department of General Psychology, Ro.C., Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran Author https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4277-5255
Fatemeh Sardari Asl Master's degree, Department of Psychology, S.T.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Author https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8041-6157
Delaram Dehnashi PhD student in Educational Psychology, Department of Psychology, Bi.C., Islamic Azad University, Birjand, Iran Author https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7565-6052
Hamidreza Rezazadeh Bahadoran Associate Professor, Counseling Department, C.T.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1146-2593
Marzeyeh Jafarnezhad Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Ars.C., Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, Iran Author https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9102-402X

Keywords:

Nomophobia, key drivers of nomophobia, social network analysis

Abstract

This study aimed to identify and determine the key drivers of nomophobia using social network analysis. This descriptive-survey study was conducted with 15 faculty members in psychology who had at least 10 years of professional experience and research publications related to nomophobia. Based on a review of previous studies, 12 frequently reported factors were identified: gender, age, lifestyle, education, smartphone-related factors, fear of not being up to date, social media addiction, mental health, social identity, insomnia, loneliness, and lack of self-confidence. Data on the relationships among these factors were collected using a 12×12 matrix completed by experts. Social network analysis was subsequently performed using Pajek software. Unweighted and weighted in-degree and out-degree centrality, total degree centrality, closeness centrality, and betweenness centrality were calculated to determine the structural position and influence of each driver within the nomophobia network. The network analysis showed that loneliness and lack of self-confidence had the highest unweighted total degree centrality values (17 each), followed by social media addiction (16). The highest betweenness centrality values were observed for lack of self-confidence (0.084), loneliness (0.062), social media addiction (0.049), mental health (0.048), fear of not being up to date (0.042), and lifestyle (0.036). Expert-rated direct effects on nomophobia were highest for mental health (84/100), social media addiction (82/100), loneliness (78/100), lack of self-confidence (76/100), lifestyle (64/100), and fear of not being up to date (54/100). Based on the combined criteria of weighted out-degree centrality, above-average betweenness centrality, and direct influence on nomophobia, these six variables were identified as the key drivers of the network. Nomophobia is a multifactorial phenomenon resulting from interconnected behavioral, technological, psychological, and social factors. Preventive and therapeutic interventions should particularly target digital lifestyle, fear of not being up to date, problematic social media use, mental health, loneliness, and self-confidence.