A Phenomenological Analysis of the Symbolic Representation of Anxiety Disorders in Virtual Space: A Digital Phenomenology Study

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the symbolic representation of anxiety disorder in virtual space by examining symbolic structures, psychological and social impacts, and users’ coping strategies. This qualitative research was conducted using a digital phenomenology approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 27 participants residing in Tehran until theoretical saturation was reached. Data analysis was performed using Nvivo software and thematic analysis. Results indicated that anxiety representation in virtual space occurs through visual signs, textual metaphors, sounds, and behavioral codes, producing both positive and negative psychological effects such as normalization of anxiety and secondary anxiety exacerbation. Users employ various coping strategies including meditation apps and managing exposure to anxiety-related content. Symbolic representation of anxiety in virtual space plays a critical role in shaping users’ attitudes and behaviors, and intelligent management of these representations can enhance mental health. The development of media literacy education and support for specialized content are practical necessities in this field.