Proposing a Causal Model of Self-Concept Based on Self-Compassion with the Mediating Role of Mentalization in Individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder Symptoms

Abstract

The present study aimed to examine the fit of a causal model of self-concept based on self-compassion with the mediating role of mentalization in individuals with borderline personality disorder symptoms. This study employed a descriptive-correlational design using structural equation modeling and was applied in purpose. The statistical population consisted of individuals with borderline personality disorder symptoms who referred to specialized psychological and psychiatric clinics in Tehran during the first six months of 2025 and were diagnosed according to DSM-5-TR criteria by a psychiatrist. A sample of 200 participants was selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected using the Rogers Self-Concept Questionnaire, Neff’s Self-Compassion Scale, and the Mentalization Questionnaire developed by Fonagy and colleagues. Data analysis was conducted using AMOS software, and common goodness-of-fit indices were applied to evaluate the proposed model. Structural equation modeling indicated that the proposed model demonstrated satisfactory fit (RMSEA=0.073; CFI=0.94; GFI=0.92). Self-compassion had a significant direct effect on self-concept (β=0.81, p<0.001). Self-compassion also significantly predicted mentalization (β=0.69, p<0.001), and mentalization significantly predicted self-concept (β=0.71, p<0.001). Indirect effect analysis revealed a statistically significant partial mediating role of mentalization in the relationship between self-compassion and self-concept (p<0.05). The findings suggest that self-compassion enhances self-concept both directly and indirectly through strengthening mentalization capacity in individuals with borderline personality disorder symptoms. Integrating compassion-focused and mentalization-based components into therapeutic interventions may therefore contribute to improved self-structure and emotional stability in this clinical population.