Emotional Self-Regulation Strategies in Patients With Breast Cancer: A Grounded Theory Study

Abstract

The aim of this study was to identify and explain emotional self-regulation strategies in women with breast cancer using a qualitative grounded theory approach. This research was conducted using a qualitative method based on grounded theory. Participants included 27 women diagnosed with breast cancer living in Tehran, selected through purposive and theoretical sampling. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews and continued until theoretical saturation was reached. The data were analyzed through open, axial, and selective coding, and managed using Nvivo software. Data analysis revealed four main categories: “Acceptance and Meaning-Making of Illness,” “Cognitive-Emotional Coping,” “Social and Interpersonal Support,” and “Self-Care and Lifestyle Activities.” Each category included diverse subcategories reflecting various emotional regulation strategies used by participants. Women utilized strategies such as acceptance, spiritual meaning-making, cognitive reframing, seeking support, emotional expression through writing, and self-care practices to manage the emotional impact of their cancer experience. Emotional self-regulation strategies in women with breast cancer are shaped by cognitive, social, spiritual, and cultural factors. These strategies play a significant role in reducing psychological distress and improving the patients’ quality of life. The findings can inform the development of culturally grounded psychological interventions for breast cancer patients.