Thematic Analysis of Cognitive–Emotional Conflict Patterns in Clients Facing Emotional Crisis

Abstract

The aim of this study was to identify and thematically analyze patterns of cognitive–emotional conflict in clients experiencing emotional crises. This qualitative study employed thematic analysis. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 24 individuals in Tehran who had experienced emotional crises. Participants were selected using purposive sampling and interviews continued until theoretical saturation was reached. All interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed based on Braun and Clarke’s (2006) framework using NVivo software. Data analysis resulted in three main themes: “conflict between personal beliefs and emotional experience,” “maladaptive strategies for managing conflict,” and “attempts to restore psychological coherence.” These included subthemes such as the gap between logic and emotion, dysfunctional relational beliefs, emotional avoidance, self-blame, cognitive reframing, and spirituality. Participant quotations revealed that cognitive–emotional conflicts significantly influenced their emotional processing, decision-making, and self-perception during the crisis. The findings highlight that cognitive–emotional conflicts not only lead to maladaptive reactions but also play a dual role in psychological recovery. The results can inform the development of targeted therapeutic interventions aimed at cognitive restructuring and emotional regulation in individuals facing emotional crises.