Identifying the Psychosocial Dimensions of the Stigmatization Process in Women with Anxiety Disorders

Abstract

This study aimed to identify the psychosocial dimensions of the stigmatization process in women with anxiety disorders, emphasizing their lived experiences. This qualitative study employed a thematic analysis approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 28 women diagnosed with anxiety disorders, purposively sampled from mental health and counseling centers in Tehran. Interviews continued until theoretical saturation was achieved, and data analysis was conducted using NVivo software and a three-stage coding process. The findings revealed three main themes: (1) Lived experience of stigmatization, including social rejection, shame and self-blame, labeling, and emotional consequences; (2) Coping mechanisms with stigma, such as concealment, seeking social support, identity redefinition, and meaning-making; and (3) Psychosocial consequences of stigmatization, including social isolation, damaged self-image, employment barriers, and decreased quality of life. Direct quotations from participants underscored the multilayered and complex nature of stigmatization. The results indicate that stigmatization profoundly affects the mental health and social functioning of women with anxiety disorders, leading to isolation, diminished self-esteem, and reduced quality of life. Designing multi-level interventions sensitive to gender and cultural context is an urgent clinical and social necessity to mitigate the negative impact of stigmatization.